Home Office Deduction Calculator

Quick answer

This calculator compares the simplified method ($5 a square foot, up to 300 square feet) against a full Form 8829 actual-expense calculation, and applies exactly one allocation to each category of expense.

What this includes

  • Direct office expenses at 100%, with no square-footage allocation
  • Indirect whole-home expenses allocated by business-use area
  • Internet and phone allocated by their own business-use percentage, not by floor area
  • Depreciation for homeowners: the business share of building basis over 39 years
  • The simplified method and its 300 square-foot cap
  • The gross-income limitation, and the carryforward the actual method allows
  • The exclusive-use and principal-place-of-business tests, as blocking conditions

What it excludes

  • Any income tax saving — the deduction is shown, not what it is worth at your rate
  • The special rules for a licensed daycare or for storing inventory
  • Casualty losses and the separate-structure variations of the test
  • State conformity: several states treat home-office expenses differently

The 2026 rule most people get wrong: internet is not allocated by square footage. A great many calculators — including this one before 2026 — ask for your "business share" of internet, add it to rent and utilities, and then multiply the whole pile by the office's floor area, cutting the internet deduction a second time. Internet and phone have their own business-use percentage, which has nothing to do with how big the room is. Two more that catch people out: the basic charge on the FIRST phone line to a home is never deductible however much it is used for business, and depreciation you claim on a home office is recaptured as taxable gain when you sell — it is not sheltered by the main-home exclusion.

How these figures are calculated · IRS Publication 587 · IRS Form 8829

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Eligibility — all three must be true
The space
sq ft
sq ft
Renters allocate rent and cannot depreciate. Owners allocate mortgage interest and property tax, and may depreciate.
Business-use percentage10.0%
This percentage applies to category B only — never to internet, phone or direct expenses
A. Direct office expenses — 100% deductible
$
Painting the office, a lock on its door, its own flooring. No square-footage allocation is applied to this.
B. Indirect home expenses — allocated by area
$
The whole year's rent, not a share of it
$
$
Electric, gas, water, trash — whole home
$
Whole-home repairs only. Office-only repairs belong in A at 100%.
$
HOA dues, security monitoring
Enter the whole home's annual cost here, not your business share. The 10.0% is applied once, by this calculator.
C. Internet and phone — their own business-use share
$
The whole household bill
%
%
Your own estimate of business use
$
%
%
These are not allocated by square footage. Internet does not become more or less business-related because the office is a tenth of the floor area. Entering the whole bill and its own business percentage is what produces the right answer.
Gross-income limitation
$
$
Supplies, mileage, advertising, contractors
Ceiling on the deduction$52,000
IRC § 280A(c)(5) — the home-office deduction cannot exceed this, and cannot create or deepen a loss
Which method deducts more?
Simplified total
$1,110
Actual total
$2,640

Each total is the home-office method plus internet and phone, because those are deductible either way — they are ordinary Schedule C expenses, not Form 8829 home-office expenses. The Form 8829 figure on its own is shown below.

Simplified: 150 sq ft × $5$750
Capped at 300 sq ft, so never more than $1,500
A. Direct office expenses (100%)$0
B. Indirect home expenses (× 10.0%)$2,280
D. Depreciation$0
Form 8829 actual-method total$2,280
Direct plus indirect plus depreciation. Internet is not a Form 8829 line.
C. Internet and phone (own percentages)$360
Deducted as ordinary Schedule C expenses, outside both home-office methods — so you keep them either way
Actual method plus internet and phone$2,640
Every line, and the one allocation applied to it
Rent$18,000 → $1,800
Office 150 sq ft ÷ home 1,500 sq ft = 10.00%. Renters allocate rent. Homeowners cannot — they allocate mortgage interest instead.
Homeowner / renter insurance$1,200 → $120
Office 150 sq ft ÷ home 1,500 sq ft = 10.00%.
Utilities$3,000 → $300
Office 150 sq ft ÷ home 1,500 sq ft = 10.00%.
General repairs and maintenance$600 → $60
Office 150 sq ft ÷ home 1,500 sq ft = 10.00%. Whole-home repairs are indirect. A repair to the office alone belongs in direct expenses at 100%.
Internet$900 → $360
Allocated by its own business-use share of 40.00%. Internet is NOT allocated by floor area — the square-footage percentage is never applied to this line.
📊 The actual method deducts more by about $1,530 this year. It needs records of every home expense and a Form 8829, and if it includes depreciation that depreciation is recaptured when you sell. You may switch methods from one year to the next.

Simplified versus actual, at six expense levels

A 200 square-foot office in a 2,000 square-foot home — 10% business use — against a range of whole-home annual costs. The simplified figure never moves, because it depends only on the floor area; the actual figure tracks the expenses.

Rent-only whole-home costs allocated by floor area, with no depreciation, no direct expenses, and business income high enough that the gross-income limitation does not bite. Depreciation is left out so the table isolates the effect of the expense level itself; adding it would raise the actual column and bring future recapture with it.
Whole-home annual costsBusiness useSimplifiedActualLarger by
$12,00010.0%$1,000$1,200Actual +$200
$18,00010.0%$1,000$1,800Actual +$800
$24,00010.0%$1,000$2,400Actual +$1,400
$30,00010.0%$1,000$3,000Actual +$2,000
$45,00010.0%$1,000$4,500Actual +$3,500
$60,00010.0%$1,000$6,000Actual +$5,000

The simplified figure for a 200 square-foot office is fixed at $1,000, so the crossover falls where 10% of whole-home costs reaches that — about $10,000of annual rent, utilities, insurance and repairs combined. Every row above is past it, which is the usual position for anyone renting in a city. Adding depreciation would widen the gap further, at the price of recapture when the home is sold — a cost that never shows up in a single year's comparison. The direction reverses for a small office in an inexpensive home, where the simplified method both deducts more and asks for nothing but a tape measure.

Recordkeeping checklist

A diagram or photo showing the office area and the rest of the home
Square-footage measurements of the office and the whole home
Twelve months of rent or mortgage-interest statements
Utility bills for the whole home — electric, gas, water, trash
Homeowner's or renter's insurance statements
Receipts for repairs, marked office-only or whole-home
Internet and phone bills, with your business-use estimate and how you reached it
For homeowners claiming depreciation: the purchase settlement statement and the land/building split
A record showing the space is used regularly and exclusively for business

The rules behind the numbers

Exclusive and regular use, and the principal-place test

The space has to be used regularly and exclusively for business. Exclusively is the strict one: a desk in the corner of a room the family also uses does not qualify, no matter how many hours a week you work at it. The space does not need a wall around it, but it does need to be identifiable and not put to personal use. The two statutory exceptions are a licensed daycare and the storage of inventory or product samples.

Separately, the space must be your principal place of business — or a place where you regularly meet clients or customers, or a separate structure not attached to the home. Administrative and management work done at home qualifies if you have no other fixed location to do it in, which is what brings most consultants and tradespeople inside the rule even though the billable work happens on site.

Direct versus indirect, and why the difference matters

A direct expense benefits only the office: repainting it, replacing its carpet, fitting a lock on its door. It is deductible at 100%. An indirect expense benefits the whole home — rent, insurance, utilities, a new roof — and is deductible at the business-use percentage. Repairs sit on both sides of the line: fixing the office window is direct, fixing the furnace is indirect, and putting the furnace in the direct box overstates the deduction by a factor of ten in a typical home.

Renters allocate rent and cannot depreciate anything. Homeowners cannot deduct rent they do not pay, and cannot deduct mortgage principal — only the interest, and the property tax, both allocated by area. Homeowners may additionally depreciate the business share of the building's basis, excluding land, over 39 years.

The gross-income limitation, and what carries forward

Under IRC § 280A(c)(5) the home-office deduction cannot exceed gross income from the business reduced by the business expenses that are not attributable to the home. In plain terms: it cannot create a loss, or deepen one. A business with $60,000 of gross income and $8,000 of other expenses has a $52,000 ceiling; one with $9,000 of income and $8,000 of other expenses has a $1,000 ceiling, and most of the home-office deduction is disallowed.

What happens to the disallowed part depends entirely on which method you used, and this is the detail most worth knowing. Under the actual method it carries forward to a later year and can be deducted then, if the business has the income and you use the actual method that year. Under the simplified method it is simply lost — there is no carryforward. A business having a thin year can therefore be considerably worse off electing the simpler method, even where the simplified figure looks larger.

Depreciation recapture. Depreciation you claimed — or were entitled to claim — on a home office is recaptured as taxable gain when you sell, and the main-home gain exclusion does not shelter it. Under the simplified method the depreciation deduction for those years is treated as zero, so nothing accrues to be recaptured. That is a genuine long-run advantage of the simpler method which a single-year comparison cannot show.

💼 Self-Employment Tax Calculator →
Enter this deduction as a business expense and watch it cut SE tax as well as income tax.
🚗 Mileage Deduction Calculator →
A qualifying home office also turns trips to clients into deductible business miles.
Sources & verification

Educational estimate only — not tax advice. This tool shows the deduction, not what it saves you, and does not verify your eligibility. Confirm with a tax professional before filing.